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What are motion axes?
What is an axis of rotation (rotational motion axis)? Before figuring out how your knees move, you'll first need to understand the concept of motion axes. Motion axes can be used to describe any two objects moving relative to one another. Imagine for example, ...
How many motion axes does your own knee have?
Now that you understand motion axes, use your own knees (if you are able) to guess how many motion axes your knee has. To test out various motions, try moving your knees by standing with two feet on the ground and by sitting on a chair with your foot suspended...
What are the motion axes of the knee?
It's challenging to observe all the ways the knee can move from observing your own knee. Only being able to view the surface anatomy obscures some of the motions while other motions are very subtle. Your knee kit reproduces all of the motions of a normal knee ...
References cited
The following articles/books are references cited in this activity: Pinskerova, V., & Vavrik, P. (2020). Knee anatomy and biomechanics and its relevance to knee replacement. In: Rivière C, Vendittoli PA, editors. Personalized hip and knee joint replacement,...
Activity Worksheet (Self-guided)
Use the worksheet below for the self-guided activity. If you are setting this activity up as a station, use this worksheet instead.
Activity at a glance
Time to complete Approximately 1-1.5 hours Age level Advanced high school, College, or Professional school Bloom's level(s) BL3 - Apply BL4 - Analyze BL5 - Evaluate Learning objective After completing this activity, student...
About the kit, viewing answer key, purchasing kits, and more
Educator Guide
Information that is helpful for using this activity as an educator
Activity worksheet (Self-guided)
Use the worksheet below for the self-guided activity. If you are setting this activity up as a station, use this worksheet instead.
Introduction
If you've ever had a severe knee injury or read about one, you're likely familiar with an account like the following: "I moved in the wrong way, I heard a pop, and then I felt the pain." The knee, like pretty much all other joints in our body, is held together...
Materials needed
For this activity you’ll need: The worksheet for this activity (either opened in a PDF viewer on a desktop/tablet computer or printed out). A Human Knee Active Learning Kit (Basic or Full model). You do not need any of the muscles for this activity o...
Normal vs abnormal motions of the knee
To understand the functions of the knee ligaments, how they get injured, and how their injury would cause abnormal/unstable knee motions, you first need to make sure you can recognize normal motions of the knee. So, you'll first practice simulating the normal ...
Simulating ligament injuries through a knockout experiment
Now you're ready to knock out some ligaments. On page 2 of your activity worksheet you'll find a table. There's a row for various motion tests of the knee and a column for each of the major ligaments of the knee plus two ligaments combined (MCL+ACL). For this ...
Connecting knee ligament functions to knee injuries
Take a look at the table you completed table of knee ligament knockout experiments and outcomes from page 2 of the activity worksheet. You now have a fairly complete picture of how the ligaments of the knee limit particular motions, the motions that would inju...
References cited
The following articles/books are references cited in this activity: Andrews, K., Lu, A., Mckean, L., & Ebraheim, N. (2017). Medial collateral ligament injuries. Journal of orthopaedics, 14(4), 550-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2017.07.017. Cristiani, R., van de ...
Activity at a glance
Time to complete Approximately 2-2.5 hours Age level Advanced high school, College, or Professional school Bloom's level(s) BL3 - Apply BL4 - Analyze BL5 - Evaluate Learning objective After completing this activity, student...
About the kit, viewing answer key, purchasing kits, and more
Activity Guide
A full guide to this activity that students can follow for self-guided learning or that you can use to prepare a demonstration or set up a lab station
Educator Guide
Information that is helpful for using this activity as an educator
Activity worksheet (Self-guided)
Use the worksheet below for the self-guided activity. If you are setting this activity up as a station, use this worksheet instead.