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If you've ever had a severe knee injury or read about one, you're likely familiar with an account like the following: "I moved in the wrong way, I heard a pop, and then I felt the pain." The knee, like pretty much all other joints in our body, is held together...

For this activity you’ll need: The worksheet for this activity (either opened in a PDF viewer on a desktop/tablet computer or printed out). A Human Knee Active Learning Kit (Basic or Full model). You do not need any of the muscles for this activity o...

To understand the functions of the knee ligaments, how they get injured, and how their injury would cause abnormal/unstable knee motions, you first need to make sure you can recognize normal motions of the knee. So, you'll first practice simulating the normal ...

Now that you're familiar with the normal motions of the knee, you're ready to knock out some ligaments. On page 1 of the activity worksheet, you'll find a table. There's a row for each of the motions that you practiced in the previous step and a column for eac...

Take a look at the table you completed table of knee ligament knock-out experiments and outcomes from page 1 of the activity worksheet. You now have a fairly complete picture of how the ligaments of the knee limit particular motions, the motions that would inj...

The following articles/books are references cited in this activity: Andrews, K., Lu, A., Mckean, L., & Ebraheim, N. (2017). Medial collateral ligament injuries. Journal of orthopaedics, 14(4), 550-554. DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2017.07.017. Cristiani, R., van de ...

Time to complete Approximately 2-2.5 hours Age level Advanced high school, College, or Professional school Bloom's level(s) BL3 - Apply BL4 - Analyze BL5 - Evaluate Learning objective After completing this activity, student...

Have you ever seen videos of early generations of humanoid, walking robots? Designed by expert engineers, with thousands of dollars worth of tech and an equal investment of time in designing and troubleshooting, these robots nevertheless found the simple task ...

For this activity you’ll need: The worksheet for this activity (either opened in a PDF viewer on a desktop/tablet computer or printed out). A Human Knee Active Learning Kit (Basic or Full model). You do not need any of the muscles for this activity o...

To perform manual muscle simulations with your knee kit, it's easier to secure your kit to a surface like a tabletop. This will free up your hands to be able to attach and pull the manual muscle cords. Start by setting the bracket along an edge or at a corn...

Now that the femur of your knee kit is fixed in place, you're ready to start simulating various patterns of muscle contraction to see these affect the knee joint and the motion of the tibia. An extensor driving motion on its own Attaching a manual muscle cor...

The following articles/books are references cited in this activity: Thoma, L. M., Grindem, H., Logerstedt, D., Axe, M., Engebretsen, L., Risberg, M. A., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2019). Coper classification early after ACL rupture changes with progressive neuro...

Time to complete Approximately 2-2.5 hours Age level Advanced high school, College, or Professional school Bloom's level(s) BL3 - Analyze BL4 - Analyze BL5 - Evaluate Learning objective After completing this activity, stude...

To attach the patellar ligament to the tibia, follow the steps in the video below. Be sure that the patella is oriented such that when the patellar ligament is attached and the patella "flipped up," the patellar cartilage is oriented toward the joint and other...

Each of the elastic muscle cords ("muscles") in your kit connects to two attachment sites (an origin and an insertion) and represents a line of action for a muscle. To attach a muscle, you just need to know how to the cord ends to one of the three possible att...

If you have a basic or full knee kit model, your kit comes with "manual muscle cords." These cords act like puppet strings, enabling you to simulate a shortening muscle by attaching the cord to a muscle attachment site and pulling on it. These cords are nonela...

Detach the manual muscle cords by following the steps shown in the video or listed out below. Video showing how to detach manual muscles cords from a quadriceps tendon clip (first half) and from a bone surface attachment site (second half). You might find ...